Role Of Guidance And Counselling In Obviating Suicide In Nigeria Tertiary Institutions
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Role Of Guidance And Counselling In Obviating Suicide In Nigeria Tertiary Institutions
1.1 Background of the Study
Suicide is the intentional act of killing oneself. Mental disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, personality disorders, anxiety disorders, and substance addiction (including alcoholism and benzodiazepine usage) are all risk factors.
Some suicides are impulsive acts caused by stress, such as financial challenges, interpersonal issues, or bullying. Those who have attempted suicide before are more likely to do so again. Every year, over 800,000 individuals die by suicide, or one person every 40 seconds.
Suicide is a global phenomena that occurs at all stages of life. Suicide and suicide attempts can be prevented through effective and evidence-based interventions at the community, sub-population, and individual levels.
There are evidence that for every adult who committed suicide, at least 20 others attempted suicide. Suicide occurs across the lifetime and is the world’s second biggest cause of death for people aged 15 to 29.
According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), while the link between suicide and mental disorders (particularly depression and alcohol use disorders) is well established in high-income countries, many suicides occur impulsively during times of crisis, when people’s ability to deal with life stresses, such as financial problems, relationship breakups, or chronic pain and illness, fails.
Furthermore, suffering conflict, tragedy, violence, abuse, or loss, as well as feelings of solitude, are highly linked to suicide behaviour. Suicide rates are also high among vulnerable groups who face prejudice, including refugees and migrants, indigenous peoples, lesbian, homosexual, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) individuals, and prisoners. Suicide attempts are by far the most significant risk factor.
Pesticide self-poisoning is estimated to account for 20% of all suicides worldwide, with the majority occurring in rural agricultural areas in low- and middle-income countries. Other prevalent suicide techniques include hanging and weapons.
Counsellors, on the other hand, are an important aspect of any educational institution since they serve as critical people to whom students can turn for assistance with general issues that teenagers face both in and out of school.
With an overly academic-focused education system characterised by exam cheating and results abnormalities, students are likely to face difficult career decisions.
Pressure from parents, a lack of competent advice, and a scarcity of jobs in favoured areas can all be overwhelming for a child if not properly managed. Aside from employment choices, students encounter other adolescent issues such as relationships, rapid growth and physical changes, peer pressure, drug and alcohol addiction, and a desire for identification or “belonging.” As a result, the advising and counselling function can help to reduce suicide rates in our tertiary institutions.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
In 2019, a significant number of people died by suicide. The trend is one that cannot be easily denied because it is ongoing. The degrading feature of suicide attempts in contemporary Nigeria is that they are carried out by young people.
Suicide is meant to effect young people the least, but the opposite is true. The number of suicides in tertiary institutions is on the rise, and records reveal that little has been done to reduce this practice. Suicide is associated with a lot of negativity since it is usually viewed as a poor omen and a display of weakness on the part of the victim.
The ongoing rise in suicide rates among young people has prompted this study, which investigates the impact of guidance and counselling in preventing suicide.
1. Three objectives of the study
The primary goal of this study is to investigate the role of guidance and counselling in preventing suicide in Nigerian tertiary institutions. The study will focus on:
1. To investigate the causes of suicide at tertiary institutions.
2. To assess the role of guidance and counselling in preventing suicide in Nigerian tertiary institutions.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The study intends to solve the following research questions:
1. What are the reasons of suicide at Nigeria’s tertiary institutions?
2. What is the function of guidance and counselling in preventing suicide in Nigerian tertiary institutions?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
The study was designed to examine the following null hypotheses:
H0: There are no recognised reasons of suicide at Nigeria’s tertiary institutions.
H0²: Guidance and counselling do not significantly reduce suicide rates in Nigerian tertiary institutions.
1.6 Significance of the Study
Nigeria has observed an unusual tendency among young people, particularly those attending educational institutions. This study is significant because it provides accurate information about the causes of suicide among young people. The study will also help the guidance and counselling department understand what needs to be addressed, as it provides insight into the need to prevent suicide.
The opposite is true: this study highlights the function of guidance and counselling in preventing suicide, implying that guidance and counselling can be depended on to help people with suicidal thoughts.
1.7 Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study looks at the current alarming trend of suicide in Nigeria, particularly in educational institutions. However, the study is limited to Nigerian institutions. The survey gathered perspectives from respondents in four states (Enugu, Lagos, Jos, and Delta).
1.8 Organisation of the Study
This research is divided into five independent but linked chapters. The first chapter provides an overview of the study while also emphasising the problem and explicitly stating the objectives. In the second chapter, we examined related and pertinent literature. In the third chapter, we outline the method used in the study.
The fourth chapter presents and analyses the data collected from the respondents, and the fifth chapter includes a summary, conclusion, and suggestions.
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