SANITARY PRACTICES AND IMPLICATIONS ON OFF-CAMPUS STUDENTS HEALTH
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SANITARY PRACTICES AND IMPLICATIONS ON OFF-CAMPUS STUDENTS HEALTH
Chapter one
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Most significant Nigerian cities are congested as a result of urban appeal and growth, such as universities, job opportunities, and security. Little-controlled urban growth results in poor management of solid and liquid garbage generated by cities.
This causes numerous sanitary issues. In these cities, self-purification operations are primarily responsible for sanitation. They frequently suppress wastewater that trickles down in living quarter streets, releasing significant bad odours (Strauss, Downing, Rondon, 1994).
Diseases caused by poor sanitation and water availability kill many people, including cholera, diarrhoea, and typhoid, which cause tissue damage. Children are the most vulnerable to health risks and so suffer the most. In 1998, 2.2 million people died from poor sanitation, the great majority of them were children (WHO, 2004).
Water supply has been well publicised in off-campus dormitories, while excreta and trash disposal have gotten less attention. Some of these hostels are littered with pure water polythene, bits of paper, and other items that have not been properly disposed of (Erijakpor 2006).
To draw attention to these issues, sanitation exercises should be conducted on a daily basis to keep the environment clean by employing people to clean the hostels (Anyaka, 2004).
Some of the students in these hostels have inadequate sanitation and hygiene habits, which might lead to infections. Environments should be fumigated to eliminate harmful creatures and rodents such as snakes, rats, and scorpions.
Inadequate sanitation is a leading source of disease worldwide, and improving sanitation has been shown to have a large positive influence on health in households, school dormitories (on or off campus), and communities (Guiterez, 1992). The term “sanitation” also refers to the preservation of sanitary conditions, which includes services such as rubbish collection and wastewater disposal.
Sanitation encompasses all four of these technical infrastructure items (albeit only the first is frequently connected with the name “sanitation”):
Excreta Management Systems
Wastewater Management Systems
Solid waste management systems
Drainage systems for rainwater.(Strauss, 2000).
Sanitation has been associated with a variety of descriptors, including sustainable sanitation, enhanced sanitation, unimproved sanitation, ecological sanitation, environmental sanitation, on-site sanitation, and dry sanitation (Obode, 1989).
Hygiene is critical to human health and survival, particularly among students in off-campus hostels where sanitary conditions are neglected. Hygiene is the practice of keeping one’s self and surroundings clean in order to avoid illness or the spread of avoidable diseases (Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation and Ministry of Education, 2009).
It is sometimes referred to as the behaviours and procedures that are implemented to break the chain of infection transmission at home and in school.
While a lack of safe water, sanitation, and the prevalence of poor hygiene behaviours are the leading causes of death among students in developing countries, a contaminated environment and poor hygiene practices account for more than 6% of the total disease burden (UNICEF & WHO, 2009).
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