Project Materials

The Effect Of N-hexane Extract Of Kola Nitida Bark On Liver Function Test Of Albino Wistar Rats Fed With High Fat From Cow‘s Brain

ABSTRACT

Kola bark extract has been used in traditional medicine for thousands of years; it enhances liver function and protects against high-fat diet metabolic rats. The current studies focused on the hepatoprotective effects of Kola bark extract meal therapy in high fat-fed wistar rats. We divided healthy adult male wistar rats into four groups. Group I rats were fed a standard Laboratory diet (groups matched) (20g/rat/day), Group II rats were fed a high-fat diet alone (3.6g/rat/day), Group III rats were fed a combination of 70% high-fat diet and 30% Kola bark meal (9.8g/rat/day), and Group/V rats were fed a high-fat diet and Lipitor (Atovastatin) (10 mg/rat/day). The rats were slaughtered at the end of the two-week experiment period. The high fat fed rat significantly increased serum and liver tissue AST, ALT, ALP, and bilirubin levels while decreasing total protein levels. However, the kola bark husk meal therapy significantly restored all values to normal levels. The findings reveal that Kola bark meal has significant hepatoprotective properties in high-fat fed rats. A comparison of the performance of Kola bark meal and Lipitor treatment on high fat fed rats in terms of hepatoprotective role shows that the Kola bark meal treatment was more effective and connected to the results of Lipitor as well as the normal level.

Chapter one

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The liver is the largest and most complex internal organ in the body. Its varied and diversified roles contribute significantly to the upkeep of the internal environment. The liver performs various critical tasks, including metabolism, secretion, and storage.

Hepatitis, often known as an inflammatory condition, is characterised by inflammation and destruction to the liver’s cells. Hepatitis is among the most common diseases in the globe. Every year, 18,000 people are reported to die from liver cirrhosis caused by viral hepatitis [L].

Obesity causes ectopic fat storage, particularly in the liver, resulting in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD], which is characterised by varied degrees of liver injury that develops from steatosis to tratohepatitis, fibrosis, and necrosis.

Because of its strong relationship with insulin resistance. Obesity, or NAFLD, is regarded as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolite [3] syndrome. The liver has a high potential to detoxicate harmful chemicals.

Kola pods are a traditional health food around the world. Kola pod Husk meal is the residue left over after grinding and filtering the kola pod.

It is an excellent source of fibre (16.74%), low in crude protein (9.98%), intermediate NFE (42.391), and metabolisable energy 2497 kcal/kg, with a somewhat high ash content. (13.26%).

when compared to the values given by (Oluokun, 1999; Hamzat and Babatunde, 2001). These discrepancies could be attributable to varietal differences or the test ingredient’s shelf life prior to analysis.

However, the crude protein level of kola pod husk meal (KPHM) is comparable to feed materials like as sorghum, while the fibre content is similar to the composition of Bremer’s grains.

Kola pods are among the most prominent pods used in medical treatment around the world. The kola pod husk contains necessary ingredients for doth drying. The pod bark, when combined with other components, is used in traditional medicine to alleviate labour discomfort.

The bark is used to heal swellings and new wounds. The roots make great chewing tools for cleaning teeth, and the wood is utilised in local carvings, coachwork, and boatbuilding. Triglycerides (TG), phospholipids (PL), cholesterol esters (CE), free cholesterol (FC), and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) are all examples of lipids found in human plasma.

Each lipid has a different purpose in our bodies, but all of them, except free cholesterol (FC), contain esters of long chain fatty acids in their structures.

Lipids are insoluble in plasma due to their non-polar structures; therefore, they require carriers that are soluble in both polar and non-polar environments. Lipids are packaged and conveyed in the form of lipoprotein, which is a molecule that contains both protein (apolipoprotein) and lipids.