THE EFFECT OF REFUSE DISPOSAL ON HUMAN HEALTH: A CASE STUDY OF GALADIMAWA AND KABUSA COMMUNITIES FCT- ABUJA
INTRODUCTION
1.0 The Study’s Background
The value of living in a clean environment for human health cannot be overstated. When an environment is free of indecent trash, it usually has a positive impact on all aspects of the lives of those who come into contact with it. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of garbage disposal procedures in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State.
The requirement for adequate solid waste management has prompted public health attention in various parts of the world. It is critical to guarantee that solid waste products are effectively managed in order to avoid the occurrence of associated problems such as water contamination, air contamination, increased prevalence of vector-borne diseases, infection propagation, and so on.
Improper waste management procedures have been demonstrated to lead to a decline in population health quality as a result of environmental health nuisances caused by these bad waste management practices (Oyebode, 2013; Igbinomwanhia et al., 2014; Awajiogak, 2013).
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) includes effluents from agricultural, industrial, construction, mining and exploration, or commercial activities that are gaseous, solid, semi-solid, or liquid in nature; garbage disposed of at refuse dumps, abandoned non-functional cars/equipment, and all other materials deemed no longer useful. These waste products, however, are not always appropriately disposed of or managed, resulting in the emergence of environmental and public health issues (Onwughara et al., 2010; Schübeler et al., 1996; Karija et al., 2013).
Municipal solid waste management, on the other hand, continues to be a major environmental health challenge in Nigeria, owing to indiscriminate roadside refuse disposal, open dumping of waste products, a massive unplanned urbanization trend and population growth, a lack of actionable guidelines regarding refuse dumping and refuse dumpsites, inadequacy in funding, laxity in the practice of effective waste management, and a lack of organized waste management (Igbinomwanhia et al., 2014; Abah and Ohimain, 2010; Agwu, 2012).
According to a study of Nigeria’s urban waste problem, Nigerian cities are among the dirtiest in the world, and more than 80% of Nigerians employ garbage disposal methods that do not meet World Health Organization guidelines (Federal Ministry of Environment, 2002).
It is worth noting that the Nigerian government has played a vital role in ensuring that this scourge is contained through the development of laws and legislation that require the practice of effective waste management. This, however, is insufficient;
the public must also be taught on how to best adhere to these regulations, as non-compliance not only results in penalties from environmental health organizations, but can also lead to health deterioration and death. Despite the numerous problems that the relevant waste management agencies encounter, this is an issue that must be tackled around the clock.
Environmental health education should be implemented, as should strict adherence to and enforcement of environmental health laws and regulations, the provision of adequate waste disposal methods for the populace, timely and proper waste management by relevant authorities, recycling of waste materials, and so on (Onwughara et al., 2010; Karija et al., 2013; Owoeye and Okojie, 2013; Kafando et al., 2013).
Given that effective and proper waste management is a problem that has an impact on the health of individuals in Nigeria, it was necessary to conduct this study to assess waste disposal practices in Yenagoa metropolis of Bayelsa State as it provided a framework for evaluating waste management efforts and identified areas that required additional attention in order to achieve effective waste disposal and management in Bayelsa State.
The management of solid trash is likely the most apparent environmental issue confronting Bayelsa State’s capital and villages. As a result of increased urbanization, the situation is getting worse by the day. The solid trash problem is obvious in most localities throughout Yenagoa, on the roadways, in neighborhoods, and around residential structures.
Man’s environment is at the mercy of both natural disasters and human irresponsibility in the course of controlling nature’s gifts. The latter takes the form of dumping solid garbage in an inflexible pattern, which can result in desert encroachment, erosion, ozone layer depletion, depletion of natural resources, pollution of land, rivers, air, and the environment in general (Aguwanba,1998).
According to Egunlobi (2004), the disposal of garbage and other waste did not represent a significant challenge in the early days (pre-colonial days) until the 1970s. The population was minimal, and there was plenty of area available for garbage digestion.
The solid waste problem began with urbanization, which was caused in part by national population expansion and, more importantly, immigration. According to Ndakara (2011), the quantity of such trash is mostly determined by location, activity, and the number of people in the family.
However, the first legislation on the subject did not develop until the mid-nineteenth century, in response to more destructive cholera outbreaks and the creation of a public health debate. Thus, Sir Edwin Chadwick’s 1842 report on “The Sanitary Condition of the Laboring Population” influenced the passage of the first waste clearance and disposal legislation, in which he argues for the importance of adequate waste removal and management facilities to improve the health and wellbeing of the city’s population.
Barbalace (2003) Early garbage collection trucks were basically open-body dump trucks drawn by a team of horses. They were powered in the early twentieth century, and the first closed body trucks with a dumping lever mechanism were launched in Britain in the 1920s.
These were quickly outfitted with “hopper mechanisms,” in which the scooper was loaded at floor level and then automatically raised to deposit rubbish in the truck. In 1938, the Garwood Load Packer was the first vehicle to include a hydraulic compactor (Herbert, 2007).
According to Mba (2003), no town in Nigeria, particularly metropolitan and semi-urban areas with high population density, can brag of having discovered a long-term solution to the problem of filth and massive piles of solid waste; rather, the problem has grown to monstrous proportions.
To city people, public hygiene begins and ends with their local surroundings, and the city will take care of itself. The situation has deteriorated to the point where solid waste management is now one of the nation’s most critical environmental issues (Okpala, 2002).
All of the resources and efforts invested into beautifying the environment could be wasted if trash management is ineffective.
Every year, the government of Nigeria, including Bayelsa state, spends billions of naira to combat malaria, without addressing environmental concerns such as poor waste management, which allow malaria to thrive. Blocked drains create stagnant water, which allows mosquitoes and other disease-causing germs to proliferate (Ogadimma, 2011).
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Ineffective and insufficient trash management is a big issue for our society and the world at large, because incorrect garbage management has resulted in the spread of many diseases and health and environmental hazards.
Toxic air and water pollution, as well as mountains of solid and hazardous waste, are becoming an overwhelming problem in Yenagoa Metropolis.
There is a strong probability that failure to decide where to place waste or how to dispose of it safely may result in the closure of some enterprises and the proliferation of waste elsewhere.
Pollution, hazardous waste, and other modern-day environmental issues pose a larger threat to human health than diseases.
1.3 THE STUDY’S OBJECTIVE
The primary goal of this research is to investigate the efficacy of waste management as a panacea for illness prevention and a healthy environment in Bayelsa state. It specifically aims to:
Investigate the efficacy of trash management in Bayelsa state.
Investigate how good waste management can help to prevent disease and maintain a healthy environment.
To determine how well trash disposal is managed in Bayelsa state.
To assess the impacts of poor waste management in the state of Bayelsa.
1.4 QUESTION FOR RESEARCH
The following questions will be addressed throughout this essay.
What are the consequences of a faulty waste disposal system?
What is the current situation of trash disposal in the state of Bayelsa?
What are the contemporary waste management technologies and their long-term benefits?
What approach can be employed to efficiently manage waste in the state of Bayelsa?
1.5 THE STUDY’S IMPORTANCE
When Bayelsa State was formed in 1996 from the still-existing Rivers State, it was clear from the start that the fledgling state would confront significant hurdles in achieving the growth and prosperity that sovereignty had bestowed upon her.
The issues of trash disposal in the State Capital City (Yenagoa) are increasing at an alarming rate, and our research is based on this fact.
As Nigeria strives to be one of the top 20 economies in the world by 2020, it is critical that waste management concerns be handled at the state and city levels.
1.6 STUDY SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
The research looks at the impact of refused disposal on human health in Bayelsa state. However, the study has certain limitations, which include:
Funding: Because the study’s resources are limited, finance is a major restriction.
Time is a crucial constraint for the research because the time allotted to the investigation is relatively short.
Research material: the lack of research material severely limits the scope of the investigation.
1.7 TERM DEFINITION
Waste and wastes are materials that are undesired or unusable. Waste is any substance that is discarded after its primary purpose or that is worthless, faulty, or useless.
Municipal solid waste (home trash/refuse), hazardous waste, wastewater (including sewage, which contains body wastes (feces and urine) and surface runoff), radioactive waste, and others are examples. human well-being
WASTE MANAGEMENT is the process of collecting, transporting, and disposing of garbage, sewage, and other waste products. Waste management involves the administration of all processes and resources for the correct processing of waste products, ranging from the upkeep of waste transport trucks and dumping facilities to compliance with health laws and environmental requirements.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: This is the sum of all efforts made to lessen the environmental impact of human activities; such actions are specifically aimed toward sustainable development.
Sustainable development is defined as development that can meet the demands of the current generation without jeopardizing future generations’ ability to meet their own needs. human well-being
ENVIRONMENT: The word “environment” comes from the French word “environner,” which means “to encircle or surround.”
(Webster, 2015) defined the environment as the conditions that surround someone or something: the situations and influences that affect someone or something’s growth, health, progress, and so on.
These are the very things we rely on on a daily basis, such as water, food, the market, industries, air, plants, and animals, and so on. The environment is a complexly interwoven system of ecology in which a simple or drastic change in one aspect can have an immediate or long-term impact on other aspects. human well-being
BAYELSA YENAGOA METROPOLIS: Yenagoa is the capital city of Bayelsa state in Nigeria’s south. The expanding metropolis is one of the state’s eight (8) local government regions.
1.8 THE STUDIES’ ORGANIZATION
This research paper is divided into five chapters for easy comprehension.
The first chapter is concerned with the introduction, which includes the (overview of the study), issue statement, objectives of the investigation, research question, importance of the study, research methodology, definition of words, and historical backdrop of the study.
The second chapter highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, as well as a survey of related literature.
The third chapter discusses the study’s research strategy and methodology. The fourth chapter focuses on data gathering, analysis, and presenting of findings. The study’s summary, conclusion, and suggestions are presented in Chapter 5. human well-being
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THE EFFECT OF REFUSE DISPOSAL ON HUMAN HEALTH: A CASE STUDY OF GALADIMAWA AND KABUSA COMMUNITIES FCT- ABUJA
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