THE EFFECT OF SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND SEX ON CRIME ATTITUDE
ABSTRACT
The study provides a theoretical assessment of the effect of socioeconomic status and gender on attitudes toward crime. It explains the socioeconomic status and its relationship to crime. The study is intended to serve as a repository of knowledge for an attitudinal reformation framework toward crime.
INTRODUCTION
Social class, also known as socioeconomic status (SES), refers to an individual’s social standing in terms of wealth, occupational prestige, and education. Upper-class individuals have increased freedom and independence as a result of their abundant resources and elevated rank, giving rise to self-focused patterns of social cognition and behavior. Upper-class people have been shown to be less cognizant of others and worse at identifying the emotions that others feel when compared to lower-class people.
Ivor (1978) defined socioeconomic status as a level made up of individuals who deem themselves equal due to similarities in family background, level of education, occupation, race, and attitude toward social issues. Adebayo (1981) observed that an individual’s social status is a reflection of their economic status, and he went on to explain that socioeconomic status is usually a measure of the individual’s income and occupation, regardless of his or her educational or social standing. According to him, this has a significant impact on student behavior.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 THE STUDY’S BACKGROUND
According to Ezewu (1987), socioeconomic status can influence students’ academic performance in terms of early attendance, attendance at the best schools, and provision of necessary materials. Students from low socioeconomic backgrounds would have a difficult time obtaining his needs from his parents. As a result, he or she may be drawn into cultism in order to meet his or her needs.
Giddens (1996) discovered that children with behavioral problems come from low-income families in a longitudinal study of the influence of parents’ socioeconomic status on children’s behavior. Chauhan (2002) also proposed a positive relationship between poverty and crime involving very high earnings and very low risks.
He discovered that the majority of criminals come from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Furthermore, he observed that all people from low-income families are criminals. The critical factor in poor homes is that parents are unable to meet their children’s legitimate needs.
This financial inability exposes students to the deception of cultism, which promises to empower and meet their needs only to turn out to be a cultist. According to Ekpo (2000), socioeconomic status is a complex phenomenon that influences every aspect of one’s life. He pointed out that socioeconomic status is a liability that exposes students to the devious antics of cultists in order to make ends meet.
According to Ukpong (1999), socioeconomic status has some sociological implications for society. She explained that cultism, gangsters, rape, and street life such as hawking, prostitution, and drug addiction are all on the rise as a result of poverty.
1.1 THE PROBLEM’S DEFINITION
The research problem is to investigate the effect of socioeconomic status and gender on attitudes toward crime.
1.2 QUESTION FOR RESEARCH
1 What exactly is socioeconomic status?
2 What is the impact of socioeconomic status and gender on attitudes toward crime?
1.3 THE STUDY’S OBJECTIVE
To assess the nature and impact of socioeconomic status and gender on criminal attitudes.
1.4 THE STUDY’S SIGNIFICANCE
The study will provide data on socioeconomic status and gender differences in attitudes toward crime.
STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS 1.5
1 H0 The crime rate in the society is low.
H1 The crime rate in society is high.
2 H0 The influence of socioeconomic status on criminal attitudes is minimal.
H1 There is a strong influence of socioeconomic status on criminal attitudes.
3 H0 The influence of gender on criminal attitudes is minimal.
H1 There is a strong influence of gender on criminal attitudes.
1.6 THE STUDY’S OBJECTIVE
The study examines the impact of socioeconomic status and gender on attitudes toward crime.
1.7 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
STATUS SOCIOECONOMIC
Social class, also known as socioeconomic status (SES), refers to an individual’s social standing in terms of wealth, occupational prestige, and education. Upper-class individuals have increased freedom and independence as a result of their abundant resources and elevated rank, giving rise to self-focused patterns of social cognition and behavior. Upper-class people have been shown to be less cognizant of others and worse at identifying the emotions that others feel when compared to lower-class people.
Ivor (1978) defined socioeconomic status as a level made up of individuals who deem themselves equal due to similarities in family background, level of education, occupation, race, and attitude toward social issues. Adebayo (1981) observed that an individual’s social status is a reflection of their economic status, and he went on to explain that socioeconomic status is usually a measure of the individual’s income and occupation, regardless of his or her educational or social standing.
THE SECRET SOCIETY
Section 35(4) of the 1979 Federal Constitution defined a secret society as “…a society or association that is not solely cultural or religious in nature and employs secret signs, oaths, rites, or symbols.”
(a) Whose meeting or activities are kept private;
(b) Whose members are bound by oath, obligation, or other threat to promote the interests of its members or to aid one another under any circumstances, regardless of merit, fairness, or justice.”
The characteristics of cultism on Nigerian university campuses are as follows.
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THE EFFECT OF SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND SEX ON CRIME ATTITUDE