THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF ECONOMICS IN SSS CLASSES
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Learning is central to man’s existence, and it is oriented toward the outside world. The interaction of man with his environment causes a change in his behavior as a result of experience. A variety of personality factors influence the extent to which people interact with their surroundings. Continuous belonging to society necessitates a degree of conformity.
Unlike previous centuries, the twentieth century saw unprecedented growth in the global economy, despite being in the inter-war period. Since then, the world has turned its back on primitive ways of life. Access to international capital flow, technology, cheaper imports, a larger export market, increased competition, division of labor, and the adoption of the comparative cost advantage principle are all characteristics of the twentieth century.
Some countries, particularly those in Asia, have benefited from their per capita incomes rapidly approaching those of the industrial countries since 1970, all as a result of the perceived importance of globalization.
As a result, a new world order emerges, indicating the integration of power relations.
Economists depict globalization as a situation in which artificial barriers such as tariffs, quotas, and exchange controls are eliminated, followed by an environment of liberal market forces heralding a culture and era of free flow of investments, characterized by shared artifacts, identical production processes, and tastes.
Globalization is a process that has had an impact on many aspects of human life, including education.
Many developing countries saw an increase in educational facilities available to them in the twentieth century as a result of the entry of institutions from the West. Some believe that this process is an invaluable opportunity for developing-country citizens to improve their skills and educational standards.
The goal of globalization of education, which is the transfer of knowledge from Western countries to developing countries, is to improve the skills and capabilities of those who receive it.
Globalization, as it stands today, is one of the few tools that can be used by a developing economy to achieve high levels of development and economic stability, whereas for a developed nation, globalization will be one of the tools to use in order to stay afloat of the world ocean, particularly in the face of economic adversities, natural and man-made disasters, disease outbreaks, war, and so on.
Education is constantly changing as a result of the effects of globalization. The effects of globalization on education are foreseeing changes within school systems around the world as ideas, values, and knowledge, changing the roles of students and teachers, and producing a shift in society from industrialization to an information-based society.
The rise of a global society, fueled by technological and communication advancements, is transforming children, the world’s future citizens, into ‘global citizens,’ intelligent people with a diverse set of skills and knowledge to apply to a competitive, information-based society.
The ability of countries to compete in a global market where industrial-based economies are giving way to knowledge-based industries, realizing the importance of knowledge, skills, and the intellectual capacity to meet the challenges of accelerated change and uncertainty, is often what determines their future.
Education is a process of lifelong learning and training that aims to develop transferable skills and knowledge that can be applied in competitive markets where knowledge and information are traded as commodities.
The introduction of technology into the classroom is gradually changing the nature of delivering education to students, giving way to a new form of electronic literacy as more programs and education materials are made available in electronic form, teachers prepare materials in electronic form, and students generate papers, assignments, and projects in electronic form.
According to a UN survey conducted in 2002, many people lost their jobs, others saw their communities disintegrate, and some even felt that their identity was threatened. As a result, for developing countries like Nigeria, the aspect of ICT and globalization that should concern them is the inequality issues and the unequal distribution of benefits around the world.
This was supported by Kofi Annan’s (1999) statement that “the internet holds the greatest promise to humanity ever known.” The internet can be used for long-distance learning and universal access to high-quality education.”
As a result, technology predicts a shift in the educational environment toward a reliance on electronic sources to deliver material. Due to the key aspect of globalization, such changes and the emergence of video conferencing and the Internet are breaking down distance barriers at a rapid rate.
According to Mustafa, Kemal Ataturk (2004), “citizens all over the world must be educated in order to avoid covetousness, greed, and spite.” This addition explains how education can unite an egalitarian society, build a strong and self-sufficient nation, and create a great and dynamic nation, particularly in Nigeria.
Today’s society, with its level of advancements, necessitates the same level of expertise for things to move at the same rate, which can only be achieved through education.
At this point, it must be stated unequivocally that in this information age, globalization has a significant impact on the learning and teaching processes, among other things, and thus has the potential to change the outcome of educational input and output.
Globalization has had a significant impact on their perception of the subject matter, economics, and its place in the twenty-first century.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Economic knowledge and the ability to apply it to significant problems and issues are critical components of responsible citizenship in a democratic society. Citizens must be able to understand and apply fundamental
economic concepts in order to function effectively as producers, consumers, investors, critics, analysts, commentators, and agitators’ voters in public elections. Individuals and the nation will benefit greatly from widespread improvements in their ability to perform these roles.
However, teaching economics in Nigerian secondary schools is a difficult task. Such difficult knots include: students’ interest and commitment to study, insufficient qualified and professional teachers, employment and use of crude teaching materials, governmental non-support in terms of providing modern tools, family background, societal and
environmental factors, the absence of a serene learning environment, and so on. All of these issues have infiltrated our educational system, leaving it far behind when compared to other countries in the same category as Nigeria.
As a result, it is critical for education and all of its challenges that teachers and students learn how to use and integrate new technologies, and that they are encouraged to develop curiosity in them.
Though the cost of these information and communication technologies is exorbitant, the cost of not using them in education is far greater due to a lack of access to information, communications, and innovation. It means perpetuating the cycle of poverty and ignorance for the next generation. It also means losing one of the most straightforward means of sustaining employment.
As a result, the research will look into the impact of globalization on the teaching and learning of economics as a subject.
THE STUDY’S OBJECTIVE
The goal of this study is stated as follows:
To ascertain the level of educational development prior to the advent of Globalization.
To determine the essence of Globalization in education.
To investigate the effects of globalization on education.
To investigate the effects of globalization on secondary school teaching and learning.
RESEARCH QUESTION
The following research questions will be generated during this course of study: –
What was the level of educational development prior to the arrival of Globalization?
What is the goal of globalization in education?
What effect does globalization have on education?
What are the effects of globalization on economics teaching and learning in senior secondary schools?
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
Ho: – There is a significant difference between globalization and secondary school economics teaching and learning.
H1: – There is no significant difference between globalization and secondary school economics teaching and learning.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The research findings will benefit teachers, students, school administrators and educational planners, as well as the entire society. It will advise teachers on the importance of instilling appropriate knowledge in their students at the appropriate stage and location. It keeps educational planners informed of the benefits and drawbacks of globalization and education.
THE STUDY’S SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
The research will look at the impact of globalization on economics teaching and learning in Nigerian secondary schools, with a case study of selected secondary schools in Lagos state. Due to time constraints, this study will be limited to the research design in five
[4] randomly selected secondary schools in the Ikoyi local council government area of Lagos state, namely St. Gregory’s college, Aunty Ayo senior secondary school, Ilado community high school, and Holy Child College. Two hundred [200] students offering economics will be chosen at random from the four randomly selected schools. The questionnaire will be used as the research instrument, and the data will be presented using a non-parametric test.
THE STUDY’S LIMITATION
The research attempts to look into the entire country of Nigeria, but due to time constraints, insufficient data supply, hostility, illiteracy, unwilling respondents, and financial constraints, the research work is limited to four senior secondary schools in Ikoyi local government of Lagos state as a case study.
TERMS DEFINITION
GLOBALIZATION: the act or process of globalizing: the state of being globalized, particularly the development of a more integrated global economy.
ECONOMICS: It is defined as a science that studies human behavior as a relationship between ends and scarce means with multiple uses.
TECHNOLOGY: it is a methodical approach to doing things or solving problems for the benefit of humanity.
COMMUNICATION: the transfer of messages between two parties and their comprehension by both parties, i.e. the sender and the receiver.
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