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Abstract
The study investigated “The Influence of Instructional Materials on the Academic Performance of Biology Students in Calabar Municipal Council of Cross River State. The literature review for the study was carried out under, the influence of instructional materials and academic performance, the influence of realia and academic performance, the influence of improvised instructional materials and academic performance. Survey research design was adopted for the study. A sample size of two hundred and one (201) biology students were randomly selected using the simple random sampling technique. Biology Achievement Test (BAT) pre-test and post-test as well as a structured questionnaire were used to collect data for the study. The study was guided by three research questions and three research hypotheses were formulated. The hypothesis were tested at 0.05 level of significance using Pearson Product Moment method Correlation Coefficient statistical tool. The result of the study revealed that the instructional materials has a significant influence on the academic performance of biology students. To this effect, recommendations were made for Science Teachers Association of Nigeria (STAN) in conjunction with the ministry of education to organize workshops, seminars, and symposia for biology teachers stressing the need for them to use the instructional materials in the teaching process in order to make learning memorable for students and as well improve their academic performance in both internal and external examinations.
Table of contents
TITLE PAGE i
CERTIFICATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT iv
ABSTRACT vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
LIST OF TABLES xi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study 1
1.2 Theoretical Framework 10
1.3 Statement of the Problem 18
1.4 Purpose of the Study 19
1.5 Research Questions 20
1.6 Research Hypotheses 20
1.7 Assumptions of the study 21
1.8 Significance of the Study 21
1.9 Limitations of Study 23
1.10 Delimitation 23
1.11 Definition of Terms 24
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 The influenceof instructional materials and academic
Performance 26
2.2 The influenceof realia instructional materials and
academic performance. 29
2.3 The influenceof improvised instructional materials and
academic performance. 31
2.4 Summary of Literature 33
CHAPTER THREE:
3.1 Design of the Study 35
3.2 Area of the study 36
3.3 Population of the Study 36
3.4 Sampling Technique 37
3.5 Sample 37
3.6 Instrumentation 38
3.6.1 Validity of the instrument 39
3.6.2 Reliability of the Instrument 39
3.7 Procedure for Data Collection 40
3.8 Procedure for Data Preparation and Coding 41
3.9 Procedure for Data Analysis 42
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF RESULT
4.1 Presentation of Result 44
4.2 Summary of findings 51
4.3 Discussion of findings 51
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary of the Study 54
5.2 Conclusion 56
5.3 Recommendations 57
5.4 Suggestions for further study 58
References
Appendix
THE INFLUENCE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF BIOLOGY STUDENTS IN CALABAR MUNICIPAL COUNCIL OF CROSS RIVER STATE
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