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THE INFLUENCE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS ON THE ACADEMIC

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Abstract

The study investigated “The Influence of Instructional Materials on the Academic Performance of Biology Students in Calabar Municipal Council of Cross River State. The literature review for the study was carried out under, the influence of instructional materials and academic performance, the influence of realia and academic performance, the influence of improvised instructional materials and academic performance. Survey research design was adopted for the study. A sample size of two hundred and one (201) biology students were randomly selected using the simple random sampling technique. Biology Achievement Test (BAT) pre-test and post-test as well as a structured questionnaire were used to collect data for the study. The study was guided by three research questions and three research hypotheses were formulated. The hypothesis were tested at 0.05 level of significance using Pearson Product Moment method Correlation Coefficient statistical tool. The result of the study revealed that the instructional materials has a significant influence on the academic performance of biology students. To this effect, recommendations were made for Science Teachers Association of Nigeria (STAN) in conjunction with the ministry of education to organize workshops, seminars, and symposia for biology teachers stressing the need for them to use the  instructional materials in the teaching process in order to make learning memorable for students and as well improve their academic performance in both internal and external examinations.

Table of contents

TITLE PAGE                                                                          i

CERTIFICATION                                                                   ii

DEDICATION                                                                        iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT                                                         iv

ABSTRACT                                                                            vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS                                                        vii

LIST OF TABLES                                                                  xi

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1      Background to the Study                                               1

1.2     Theoretical Framework                                                  10

1.3     Statement of the Problem                                              18     

1.4     Purpose of the Study                                                     19     

1.5     Research Questions                                                       20     

1.6     Research Hypotheses                                                     20     

1.7     Assumptions of the study                                              21     

1.8      Significance of the Study                                               21     

1.9     Limitations of Study                                                      23     

1.10   Delimitation                                                                   23     

1.11   Definition of Terms                                                       24     

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1     The influenceof instructional materials and academic

Performance                                                                   26     

2.2     The influenceof realia instructional materials and

academic performance.                                                  29     

2.3     The influenceof improvised instructional materials and

academic performance.                                                  31     

2.4      Summary of Literature                                                  33     

CHAPTER THREE:

3.1      Design of the Study                                                       35     

3.2     Area of the study                                                           36     

3.3     Population of the Study                                                 36     

3.4     Sampling Technique                                                      37     

3.5     Sample                                                                           37     

3.6     Instrumentation                                                             38     

3.6.1  Validity of the instrument                                              39     

3.6.2  Reliability of the Instrument                                          39     

3.7     Procedure for Data Collection                                       40     

3.8     Procedure for Data Preparation and Coding                           41     

3.9     Procedure for Data Analysis                                          42     

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF RESULT

4.1     Presentation of Result                                                    44     

4.2     Summary of findings                                                     51     

4.3     Discussion of findings                                                   51     

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1     Summary of the Study                                                   54     

5.2     Conclusion                                                                     56     

5.3     Recommendations                                                                   57     

5.4     Suggestions for further study                                        58     

References

Appendix

THE INFLUENCE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF BIOLOGY STUDENTS IN CALABAR MUNICIPAL COUNCIL OF CROSS RIVER STATE

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