THE KAIAMA DECLARATION AND THE NIGER DELTA CRISIS
CHAPTER ONE
1.1.1 INTRODUCTION
Prior to the beginning of commercial oil production in Nigeria’s Niger Delta region in 1958, the region was essentially a pristine environment that provided significant subsistence resources for the mostly sedentary population.
The region supplied a significant portion of Nigeria’s commercial fisheries industry (Afinotan, 2009). For centuries, the people of the Niger Delta were content to farm, fish, and engage in other activities such as pottery, mat-making, and hunting, unaware that beneath their soil was one of nature’s most valuable mineral resources.
Crude oil was discovered in the Niger Delta more than fifty years ago, with Shell Petroleum Development Company discovering oil in Oloibiri in 1956. (Aaron and George, 2010).
Since oil has become the mainstay of the Nigerian economy, accounting for more than 90% of the government’s foreign exchange earnings, it is surprising that the trajectory of constitutional development, socioeconomic development, and political development has remained unchanged.
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