THE KINEMATICS AND MECHANICS OF SALT DIAPIR GROWTH AND COLLAPSE
Figures and abstract
Physical models at various scales demonstrate the significance of progradation as a trigger for salt tectonics and the formation of allochthonous sheets. The models did not account for regional expansion or contraction. In our experiments, prograding wedges above a tabular, buoyant salt layer with a flat base expelled the salt basinward, resulting in the formation of the following structures from proximal to distal:
(1) sigmoidally distorted initially planar wedges,
(2) relict salt pillows and salt welds,
(3) basinward-dipping expulsion rollover and crestal graben,
(4) rollover syncline,
(5) landward-facing salt-cored monoc During progradation, this deformation zone amplified and advanced basinward; however, no diapiric salt structures formed. Progradation initially formed a broad anticline where salt flowed over a buoyant salt layer whose basement had steps facing landward.
Each basement step was restricted. The anticline was pinned by distal aggradation, which increased differential loading. The anticline actively pierced its thinned crest caused by faulting and erosion. Following that, the diapir grew passively, sourcing allochthonous salt sheets locally.
This deformation cycle was repeated over each basement step, resulting in a decrease in the age, amplitude, complexity, and maturity of salt-related structures basinward. As sediment loading buried and evacuated each allochthonous salt sheet, arcuate peripheral normal faults formed along its trailing edge,
detached wrench faults formed along its lateral edges, and active piercement at its leading edge allowed the sheet to break out and climb stratigraphic levels. This process resulted in the formation of a multitiered complex of salt sheets that migrated basin-ward over time. Examples of restorations from Several salt tectonic provinces back up our model results.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page- – – – – – – – – i
Approval page – – – – – – – -ii
Dedication – – – – – – – – -iii
Acknowledgement – – – – – – – -iv
Abstract – – – – – – – – – -v
Table of content – – – – – – – -vi
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION – – – – – – – -1
1.0 Background of the study – – – – -1
1.1 Statement of the problem – – – – -5
1.2 Purpose of the study – – – – – -6
1.3 Significance of the study – – – – -8
1.4 Research questions – – – – – -9
1.5 Scope of the study – – – – – – -10
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW – – – – – – -11
CHAPTER THREE
Research methodology – – – – – – -39
Design of study – – – – – – – -40
CHAPTER FOUR
Presentation, analysis and interpretation of data – -48
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary of findings – – – – – – -60
Conclusion – – – – – – – – -61
Recommendations – – – – – – – -62
Suggestions for further research – – – – -64
References – – – – – – – – -65
Appendix I – – – – — – – – -68
Questionnaire. – – – – – – – -69
THE KINEMATICS AND MECHANICS OF SALT DIAPIR GROWTH AND COLLAPSE
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