THE ROLE OF THE AFRICAN UNION (A.U.) IN PROMOTING PEACE AND SECURITY IN AFRICA
ABSTRACT
Since the transformation of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) to African Union
(A.U.) various measures were adopted by the newly formed organization to promote
peace and security in the African continent, apart from the efforts of the United
Nations (UN) whose primary purpose is to promote peace and security all over the
world.
The role of the newly formed African Union has been expanded to include
issue of human right promotion, conflict management, promotion of good
governance and the issue of unconstitutional change of government. This is the first
time in the history of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) that the issue of
“exclusive domain” has been removed from the Charter of the OAU and by including
in the new Constitutive Act of the AU the right of the Union to intervene in the
internal affairs of a member country where there is arm conflict.
Various specialize
agencies were created in the new AU Act including African Charter on Human and
Peoples’ Rights and the African Human Right Commission, the African Human Right
Court, all in a bid to provide peace and security in the continent.
The reason why
African Union is promoting peace and security in the continent is simple: peace and
security is a desirable societal objective as opposed to war and conflicts and to mark
a departure from the traditional one-level belief by the International Community that
African countries are more conflictual in nature.
The end of the Cold War has
altered the international strategic environment and forced a radical revision of the
global power structure disrupting the natural harmony amongst people and replaced
them with hostile ideologies. African States were products of colonial designs.
Their
economies operated in a system of global transactions that seems biased against
them. After independent, erstwhile colonial masters continued to influence direction
by providing aids, advice and models of development, which at the end of it not
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beneficial.
Lack of unity, good governance and a strong economic base has made
Africans have a significant share of responsibility for its failure. By late 1980s a
continent touted as a “continent of promise” in the independence decade of the
1980s was fast becoming a “global basket case.”
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All through the 1960s and the first
half of the subsequent decade, Africa was perceived as having more opportunities
than Asia or Latin America but lack basic social structure.
The reverse turned out to
be the case as the story of African development was marked more by human and
natural tragedies combined with remarkable failure of socio-economic and political
management, vast population increase, declining food production rates, debts
overhang, unemployment, bad governance, lack of good health facilities and
accelerated poverty all contributed
THE ROLE OF THE AFRICAN UNION (A.U.) IN PROMOTING PEACE AND SECURITY IN AFRICA
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