THE UNITED NATION AND THE ARABIC-ISRAELI CONFLICTS (1948 – 1973)
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Arab-Israeli wars, a series of military conflicts involving Israeli and Arab forces, most notably in 1948–49, 1956, 1967, 1973, 1982, and 2006. This article focuses on conflicts involving Arab forces stationed outside of Palestine. See Israel, Palestine, intifada, and Gaza Strip for coverage of specific Israeli-Palestinian conflicts.
The United Nations (UN) voted in November 1947 to divide the British mandate of Palestine into a Jewish state and an Arab state (see United Nations Resolution 181). Clashes erupted almost immediately in Palestine between Jews and Arabs.
As British troops prepared to leave Palestine, the conflict escalated, with both Jewish and Arab forces engaging in combat. The attack on the Arab village of Dayr Ysn on April 9, 1948, was one of the most infamous events. The news of a brutal massacre committed there by Irgun Zvai Leumi and Stern Gang forces sparked widespread panic and retaliation. A few days later, Arab forces attacked a Jewish convoy on its way to Hadassah Hospital, killing 78 people.
EVENTS IN THE ARAB-ISRAELI WAR
Israel declared independence on the eve of the British forces’ withdrawal on May 15, 1948. The following day, Arab forces from Egypt, Transjordan (Jordan), Iraq, Syria, and Lebanon occupied the areas in southern and eastern Palestine not allocated to Jews by the UN partition of Palestine, and then captured East Jerusalem, including the small Jewish quarter of the Old City.
The stated goal of the invasion was to restore law and order in the aftermath of the British withdrawal, citing incidents like Dayr Ysn and a growing refugee crisis in neighboring Arab countries.
Meanwhile, the Israelis took control of the main road to Jerusalem, which runs through the Yehuda Mountains (“Hills of Judaea”), and successfully repelled repeated Arab attacks. Except for the Gaza Strip, the Israelis had managed to occupy the entire Negev up to the former Egypt-Palestine border by early 1949.
The United Nations partition plan divides Israel and Palestine.
The United Nations partition plan divides Israel and Palestine.
In 1947, the United Nations adopted a partition plan for Palestine.
Inc. Encyclopaedia Britannica
Between February and July 1949, a temporary border was established between Israel and its neighbors as a result of separate armistice agreements between Israel and each of the Arab states.
In Israel, the war is known as the War of Independence. Because of the large number of refugees and displaced persons as a result of the war, it became known as the Nakbah (or Nakba; “Catastrophe”) in the Arab world.
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THE UNITED NATION AND THE ARABIC-ISRAELI CONFLICTS (1948 – 1973)
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