Water Cleaning Techniques
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Water Cleaning Techniques
Chapter one
1.1 Introduction
Water is one of the components required to support life. It is naturally available and accounts for 70% of the earth’s crust.
With the growing demand for clean, drinkable water for both home and industrial usage, inventing, identifying, and sustaining cost-effective water treatment techniques is critical.
Waste water discharge is a common and serious pollution issue in any place. Most waste fluids contain sanitary wastes created by on-site staff, kitchen waste streams, gutters, sewage, and process waste waters.
The municipal waste water treatment system can effectively treat both sanitary waste water and ground water.
Separate treatment is often provided for industrial process waste water. The contaminants in industrial discharges that are usually regulated include total grease (FOG), PH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and specific metals.
Water treatment or cleaning It is critical for industrial and technology to identify any pathogenic organisms, dissolved and undissolved compounds that pose a risk to the user and develop high-quality, cost-effective treatment procedures in accordance with the regulated environmental protection agency (EPA), other water quality control agencies, and NAFBAC standards and specifications.
Water cleaning technique is divided into two categories: convection and non-convectional (advanced technology).
Convectional technology refers to before or post chlorination-filtering systems. Non-convectional or advanced technologies include the fenton chemistry approach, bio-oxidation system, membrane separation high pressure – centigugal system, and ion-exchange system.
In this context, four water cleansing methods are addressed. Pre and post-chlorination/flocculation, sediment filtering, disinfection, and quality testing.
To degrade pollutants, the Fentoris chemical process employs hydrogen peroxide and an iron catalytic agent.
High-pressure centrifugal systems use centrifugal force to destroy pathogens and microorganisms in a reactor containing filthy water. There’s also membrane technology.
Finally, the EPA’s water quality requirements are recommended.
1.2 Scope of Project
The project – water cleaning techniques is a research project that seeks to identify various water cleaning or treatment technologies used in treating waste waters in order to improve their quality to the maximum feasible level for human consumption and industrial usage.
This study investigates three different technologies: pre/post disinfection, fentou’s chemical system, and high pressure oxidative combustion. The Centrigufal system’s EPA water quality criteria are also presented.
1.3 Sources of Waste Water
Wastewater can be obtained from two main sources:
• Domestic effluent water
· Industrial wastewater loading.
DOMESTIC EFFLUENT WATER.
Domestic effluent water comes from kitchens, launderettes, toilets, gutters, stagnant water, contaminated streams, and rivers. They contain both dissolved and undissolved organic and inorganic substances such as paper, decomposed material, polymer fragments, detergent, oil and pigments, and metal pieces.
Industrial effluent waters
These are wastewater from the chemical processing industries. They contain dissolved and undissolved hazardous compounds, as well as caustic and obstructive fluids such as hydrocarbons, fluorocarbons, sulphates, sulphides, and cyanides.
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