Wearable Sensing Systems for Healthcare Monitoring
Because our society is rapidly aging, there is an urgent need to shift from passive medical care to preventive medicine and health management in order to improve people’s quality of life while lowering medical costs. Simultaneously, rapid advances in micro-machine and LSI technologies, combined with revolutionary advances in wireless information and communication technology, have enabled the development of wearable sensing systems for everyday healthcare monitoring.
On the basis of wearable sensors, we have been developing a comprehensive physiological and environmental information processing platform for services to combat lifestyle diseases. The purpose of this paper is to discuss wearable physiological sensing and its applications in healthcare.
At the start of the twenty-first century, developed countries are aging at an unprecedented rate. The world now has 600 million people over the age of 60, as well as approximately 860 million chronic disease patients. Japanese society is aging especially quickly: the proportion of the population over 65 years old was more than 23 percent in 2010 and is expected to exceed 30 percent by 2025 [1].
This is accompanied by an increase in medical expenses as well as the number of patients suffering from lifestyle diseases. As a result, there is an urgent need to shift from passive medical care to preventive medicine and health management in order to improve people’s quality of life (QOL) and lower medical costs. When asked about preventive medicine and health management, physicians say the first thing to understand is the patient’s current situation.
For example, because some symptoms, such as masked hypertension, do not manifest themselves in the hospital, there is a strong demand for collecting continuous data over a long period of time in daily life, recording data variation, or collecting objective, rather than subjective, data through medical interviews.
Second, it is critical to confirm the effectiveness of countermeasures developed for individual patients, and the effects are expected to be continuously recorded and presented in daily life and then used as positive feedback for future analysis and diagnosis.
Physicians, for example, want to know if their patients are following therapeutic exercises and medical diets correctly. As a result, there is a growing demand for healthcare monitoring that is available at all times and from any location.
Wearable Sensing Systems Using Micro-Mechatronics Technologies Information and communication technology (ICT) has enabled the introduction of a wide range of applications to support wellness and independent living, such as tele-consultation and tele-surgery.
Furthermore, ambient sensors embedded in a patient’s environment can provide global health data by continuously monitoring and analyzing the patient’s home activity. Such pervasive systems, however, are still limited to a closed environment and do not directly sense physiological information.
WiFi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, Near Field Communication (NFC), and ANT+ are examples of wireless communication systems that have recently been improved and adopted in mobile phones, smartphones, and healthcare devices [2], [3].
Furthermore, advancements in micro-mechatronics technologies such as micro-machine and LSI enable the development of tiny and light wearable sensors. Non-intrusive wearable sensors combined with wireless ICT overcome hospitalization and emergency care limitations, enabling new, wearable health monitoring for individuals (Fig. 1). Outline of a Wearable Sensing System A.
Health Information Processing Platform Since 2007, we have been working on a five-year project [4] to develop a comprehensive physiological and environmental information processing platform (Fig. 2) that will allow continuous monitoring of healthcare data in daily life, allowing people to look objectively at their own lifestyles [5].
The platform is built around wearable physiological sensors that have wireless networking capabilities and collect data. A large amount of gathered data will be accumulated and efficiently shared thanks to database technology dedicated to physiological information and software infrastructure providing high-level security and detailed privacy control.
Finally, presentation technology based on a psychological approach will allow feedback to be tailored to individuals in order to provide more efficient services. The purpose of this paper is to discuss wearable physiological sensing and its applications in healthcare.
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Wearable Sensing Systems for Healthcare Monitoring
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