Impact Of Cultism On Psychosocial Adjustment Of Students In Secondary Schools
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Impact Of Cultism On Psychosocial Adjustment Of Students In Secondary Schools
Chapter one
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Background for the study
Cultism is one of the most deadly social vices that has afflicted Nigeria’s higher education institutions for decades. The threat of cultism in our tertiary institutions has left schools, academic and non-academic personnel, and students susceptible to cultists both on and off campus.
The term “cultism” comes from the Latin word “cultus,” which meaning “care” or “adoration.” To a religious sociologist, the term refers to a loosely known organisation that is not known for tolerance and open-mindedness in matters of belief and practice, yet in the media and everyday language, the word refers to a false, clandestine, dangerous, and harmful group. Albatross (2006).
The pirate confraternity, created in 1952 at what was then University College Ibadan and is now known as the University of Ibadan, was Nigeria’s first cult group on campus.
The confraternity was created in response to the government’s proposal to lay a rail way behind the college grounds. This confraternity lacked any detrimental qualities found in modern confraternities.
According to Opaluwah (2000), the pirate confraternity was created to remove tribalism and elitism, not to injure, maim, or kill and destroy, as is the case with modern confraternities on our campuses. As a result, the club became exclusive to the cleanest, brightest, and most politically conscious members.
They televised political events and occupied prominent positions in the student body, including president, chief judge, public relations officer, and secretary. Their existence was well known among the students, and it was not associated with the strange, damaging, and spiteful nature of modern confraternities.
He argued that over time, as a result of doctrinal differences and the incapacity of intending members to reach the pirate’s needed requirements, protestant ones emerged.
In contrast to the background of the pirate’s formation, contemporary confraternities are known for violence and bizarre behaviours such as armed robbery, illegal possession of firearms, illicit sexual escapades, killing of innocent students, academic and non-academic staff, arson, extortion, threats, physical attacks, blackmail, and other inhuman practices, factional conflict and war of supremacy culminating in bloody clashes between cult groups.
According to Jakayinfa (2008) and Muyiwa (2004), contemporary confraternities engage in the following activities. Cult activities are always at night, nocturnal initiation ceremonies in which initiates are animalised and some die in the process, making blood covenants and performing other occultic rituals, organised opposition against any form of oppression real or imagined, liberal consumption of alcohol and drugs, intimidation and use of violence, sexual abuse and rape, maiming, man slaughter and murder, Examination malpractice, theft, and armed robbery.
According to what Opaluwah (2000), Jakayinfa (2008), and Muyiwa (2004) have said regarding current confraternities, cult members exhibit odd, antagonistic, violent, and aggressive behaviour.
Aggressive behaviour, as defined by Wikipedia (2016), can cause bodily or emotional harm. People that exhibit aggressive behaviour are more prone to be irritated, impulsive, and restless, which is why it can vary from verbal abuse to property damage.
Aggressive behaviour is usually intentional and occurs on a regular or consistent basis. Aggressive behaviour can be caused by difficulties such as family structure, relationships, the work or school environment, health conditions, and psychiatry.
· Violent conduct refers to threatening or physically harming others. It usually begins with verbal abuse and progresses to physical harm, such as beating or injuring.Violent behaviour is similar to aggressive behaviour.
It is either habitual or occurs in a pattern. The premise of aggressive behaviour is straightforward: tension and conflict arise initially. The individual properties are then either destroyed or abused.
Violent conduct is also defined as overt and intentional physical aggression against another person among students in Nigerian higher institutions owing to cultism. He went on to say that gangsterism and victimisation are widespread in the system.
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