IMPACT OF SAND AND GRAVEL DREDGING ON THE ENVIRONMENT
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IMPACT OF SAND AND GRAVEL DREDGING ON THE ENVIRONMENT
ABSTRACT
For thousands of years, sand and gravel have been utilised to build roads and structures. Today, the need for sand and gravel is increasing. Mining operators, in collaboration with relevant resource agencies, must seek to ensure that sand mining is done responsibly.
Excessive in-stream sand and gravel mining degrades waterways. In-stream mining lowers the stream bottom, perhaps leading to bank erosion. Sand depletion in the streambed and along coastal areas causes rivers and estuaries to deepen, as well as the expansion of river mouths and coastal inlets.
It may also cause saline-water incursion from the adjacent sea. The impact of mining is exacerbated by the effects of sea level rise. Any amount of sand exported from streambeds and coastal areas is a loss for the system.
Chapter one
1.1 Background of the Study
For thousands of years, sand and gravel have been utilised to build roads and structures. Today, the need for sand and gravel is increasing. Mining operators, in collaboration with relevant resource agencies, must seek to ensure that sand mining is done responsibly.
Excessive instream sand and gravel mining degrades waterways. Instream mining lowers the stream bottom, potentially leading to bank erosion. Sand depletion in the streambed and along coastal areas causes rivers and estuaries to deepen, as well as the expansion of river mouths and coastal inlets. It may also cause saline-water incursion from the adjacent sea.
The impact of mining is exacerbated by the effects of sea level rise. Any amount of sand exported from streambeds and coastal areas is a loss for the system.
Excessive instream sand mining endangers bridges, river banks, and other buildings. Sand mining has an impact on the adjacent groundwater system as well as the river’s use by locals.
Instream sand mining destroys aquatic and riparian ecosystems by significantly altering channel morphology. Bed degradation, coarsening, lower water tables near the streambed, and channel instability are some of the consequences.
These physical consequences degrade riparian and aquatic biota, potentially weakening bridges and other structures. Continued extraction may cause the entire streambed to erode to the depth of the excavation.
Sand mining increases car traffic, which harms the environment. Access roads that cross riparian zones may have an impact on the surrounding ecosystem.
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