MASS MEDIA OWNERSHIP POLICIES AND ETHICAL PROBLEMS OF NIGERIAN JOURNALIST
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MASS MEDIA OWNERSHIP POLICIES AND ETHICAL PROBLEMS OF NIGERIAN JOURNALIST
Chapter one
INTRODUCTION TO STUDY
1.1 Background of Study
The media, as a watchdog and mirror of the nation, plays an important role in society and has an influence on editorial policy. In attempting to understand what mass medians are, Lazar Field and Kendal insist that mass is truly applicable to the medium of radio because it is more effective than other media in reaching all groups of the population uniform.”
However, before we proceed with this work, we will include not only the mechanical devices that transmit and sometimes, messages (TV cameras, radio microphones, printing press), but also the institutions that use these machines to transmit messages.
When we talk about mass media, we mean the people, policies, organisations, and technology that go into mass communication output such as television, radio, newspapers, magazines, sound recordings, and films. Dominique (1987)
For the sake of consistency in this study, we will limit the female. Mass media refers to opencasts that have the ability to reach multiple league audiences at the same time. This leaves us with the television medium, radio medium, and brokers media.
Television media is less dominant than radio and print media, yet it has its own unique characteristics. Characters that place a distracter on it, especially in development direction, the two characteristics commonly defined as TV benefits are visual and audience qualification.
To analyse the performance of television as a means to an aim, consider the social contest in which communication takes place. It is true that the number of television stations in Nigeria
for example, has increased to nearly thirty-six since independence (both stakeholder, federal, and privately owned); however, this cannot be compared to the exposure and use that television programmers have received from the Nigerian media audience.
Inspired by the encoring figures of the third world, The situation in Nigeria is far from the UMES Co’s minimum standards for mass media establishment and use. UNES Co mandates that all countries must meet what it deems to be the minimum requirements of mass media demand. Radio is another media in third-world countries that effectively reaches the masses.
In Nigeria, for example, the usage of radio as a source of information is very evident, even among neural dwellers who constitute the majority of the country’s population (okunna, 1992; sob wale and sogbamu 1984; more 1981).
The radio, no doubt, is enjoying growing popularity, especially among the rural population, because of its reach and also because of its bluing earlier to the media scene than television.
Whether reach alone can actually amount to proper use of the radio medium will raise the issue of the relationship between message dissemination and message reception.
Because radio is widely distributed and easily accessible even in remote regions, it may reach a big audience for a minimal cost. And it reaches more moral rural people in the developing countries than any other medium.
It has the capacity to expand knowledge and motivate people to change their practices. And, in order to accomplish media objectives, it must be employed in such a way that it is in close proximity to the people.
A situation in which some individuals are shut off from radio communication, as is the case in Nigeria, is, to say the least, intolerable. When using the radio, there is a need for physical decentralisation and democratisation of the radio media
which moves the radio media structure to where they can make more direct contact with a greater percentage of the media audience, and ownership should be re-structured to allow for the participatory communication approach to be discussed later in detail.
Print media is another type of mass media that includes printed products such as newspapers, magazines, journals, bulletins, gazettes, and books. Although the entire range of printed material is crucial to the print media. When considering print media as a medium of mass mobilisation and growth, newspapers and magazines have grown in popularity.
Nothing emphasises the importance of newspapers more than Jefferson’s preference, “were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without a newspaper, or a newspaper without a government, I would not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter” (Jefferson 1987).
The earliest forerunner of the modern newspaper originated in China as long as 500 AD. Since then, the newspaper has undergone numerous changes to take on its current form. The newspaper has also spread all over the world.
1.2 Scope of the Study
This study would aim to explain the mass media, ownership policies, and ethical issues confronting Nigerian journalists.
1.3 Statement of the Research Problem
According to the research, the media house’s sponsorship, control, and recruitment of its major staff have all had an impact on the media house’s editorial policy because the media house’s owner(s) typically do or do the aforementioned aspects.
As a result, media ownership has had an impact on editorial policy, posing challenges for journalism as a profession. In this instance, editorial writing must align with the policy structure and editorial guidelines. Nothing demoralises the editor more than having to choose between doing things the way policy requires or resigning or being fired.
The influence of media ownership on editorial policies has caused several newspapers to cease operations and lose readership. In the case of an Announcer Newspaper, as a privately owned newspaper, it does not have many policies that typically effect its readership, with the exception that its front and back page stories are focused on Imo state.
Often, it encounters severe competition from national and local newspapers. Again, people from other states would regard the purchase of a newspaper as a waste because it does not typically spread its tentacles.
According to the “Announcer Newspaper” team, the publisher (owner) arrives in the production room when it is time to begin production. This delays the paper’s manufacturing.
1.4 Objectives of the Study
This essay aims to highlight the manner in which media ownership influences newspaper editorial policies and ethical issues faced by Nigerian journalists.
Giving the same information about editorial policy (based on research influence) has resulted in the destruction of journalistic values. Regarding the consequences of such a circumstance.
It would also serve as an audit Turing factor, enabling solutions for future checks on these excises.
1.5 Significance of Study
To use this wokeness to lobby for legislative changes and to avoid focussing solely on friends, which is detrimental to Nigerian society.
1.6 RESEARCH OUESTIONS
In this study, an attempt will be made to adequately answer the following questions. Does media ownership influence editorial policies in a private (newspaper) medium? Can journalism be used to assess the impact of media ownership on editorial policy?
1.7 Research Hypotheses
HI: Media ownership influences a private medium’s editorial policy.
HO: Media ownership cannot influence the editorial policy of a private media. (Like the Announcer newspaper).
H2: Job security for journalists in private newspaper houses can be ensured.
HO: Job security for journalists at private newspaper houses cannot be guaranteed. H3: Journalism ethics can be used to assess media ownership’s influence on editorial policy.
1.8 Definition of Terms
In this section, various significant words will be clarified in terms of conceptual and operational definition.
1.MEDIA OWNERSHIP PATTERN: The act of creating or constructing a medium by an individual or group of people, including the government.
2.EDITORIAL CONTENT: A guide for publishing tales in newspapers and magazines. It is the course that a newspaper chooses to take in response to the two fundamental questions: what should we publish? How will we publish?
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