ROLE OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RESIDENTIAL ESTATES IN NIGERIA
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ROLE OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RESIDENTIAL ESTATES IN NIGERIA
CHAPITRE ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Few residential estates created by both the federal and state governments in Nigeria have been able to address the housing needs of many Nigerians. Shelter is one of man’s most important needs. It was formerly considered second in the hierarchy of man’s necessities after food, but according to Ebie (2009), it is now the first and most important of all rights.
According to him, because of the importance attached to housing provision, as well as the fact that a proper housing unit in all its ramifications encompasses all social services and utilities that go to make a community or neighbourhood a livable environment, it is now a right.
Though insufficient, the federal government of Nigeria and numerous business organisations have invested in the construction of residential estate for the goal of profit and addressing Nigerians’ housing needs.
Despite the fact that this service is ineffective, it emphasises the appeal for government at all levels to invest in huge housing provision in Nigeria, and this study is looking into the involvement of the Akwa Ibom State Government in the building of residential estates in the state.
A residential housing estate is a collection of residences and other structures constructed as a single complex. The precise form may differ from country to country. As a result, a housing estate is typically developed by a single contractor employing only a few forms of home or building design, resulting in a homogeneous appearance.
The demand for appropriate and inexpensive housing is strongly linked to the need for individual and community security, safety, and proper socioeconomic standing. Despite the widely acknowledged importance of housing and various efforts to make adequate and affordable housing available to the majority of people,
a large proportion of urban residents in less developed countries lack access to affordable housing (Tipple, 2004; 2006; UN-HABITAT, 2006; Greene and Rojas, 2008).
As a result, most urban dwellers in developing countries live in deplorable housing conditions with disastrous social, economic, spatial, and health consequences (Coker et al., 2007; UNFPA, 2007).
As a result, inadequate housing has become an intractable problem that has received sustained attention from governments and individuals in many developing countries.
Previous research has demonstrated that successive Nigerian administrations have initiated at least seven residential housing initiatives in the last few decades to address the country’s growing housing difficulties (Akinmoladun and Oluwoye, 2007; Ademiluyi and Raji, 2008).
However, extensive research on public housing in developing countries has shown three major lines of criticism (Mukhija, 2004). First, it is stated that most public housing schemes are wasteful and poorly designed, failing to suit the demands of the target population (Rondinelli, 1990; Mba, 1992).
Second, direct government engagement in housing provision is considered as insignificant in comparison to the scale of informal private sector residential estates (UN-HABITAT, 2006).
Finally, government intervention in the housing market to control rising housing costs is viewed as counterproductive and a hindrance to the smooth operation of the housing market and an effective housing delivery system.
As a result, many scholars and stakeholders have argued that the government has no business providing housing for people, but rather should act as a partner, enabler, and facilitator of the housing process by providing appropriate incentives, policy, and a good regulatory environment required for effective private sector participation in residential estate construction (Ebie, 2009).
It is vital to highlight that state governments have not been able to contribute to the development of residential housing projects in Nigeria because the federal government constructs the majority of accessible residential estates.
However, the state government of Akwa Ibom has constructed 310 prime unit mini estates at a rate of 10 per local government in all Local Government Areas, primarily for local government chieftains.
The construction of 10,000 contemporary and cheap residences for the Akwa Ibom people is still underway.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
According to Ong and Lenard (2002), the provision of residential estate should be a collaborative effort between the government and the private sector, and this does not imply a reduction in the government’s social responsibility in providing housing for citizens, but rather the production of housing through a collaborative approach in an integrated manner.
In light of the foregoing criticisms, as well as the need for long-term solutions to burgeoning housing challenges in most Nigerian states, including Akwa Ibom, it is critical to assess state governments’ contributions to the provision of residential estate for citizens over the years.
The preceding bleak picture and appalling state of housing in Nigeria applies equally, if not more, to Akwa Ibom State, given that more than 60% of the population lives in urban areas.
As a result, Akwa Ibom State is part of this global development reality, and one of the most pressing concerns facing the state is ensuring enough and affordable housing for the poor and low-income population.
Unfortunately, despite all of the state government’s efforts to ensure continuous housing delivery through the provision of residential estates to the common people, current realities reveal that the goal is still far from being met. Against this backdrop, this paper investigates the role of the Akwa Ibom state government in the establishment of residential estates.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The following are the study’s objectives:
1. To investigate the Akwa Ibom state government’s role in the establishment of residential estates.
2. To investigate Nigerians’ attitudes on the provision of residential estates.
3. Identifying the factors impeding the development of residential estates in Nigeria.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. What is the government of Akwa Ibom’s role in the creation of residential estates?
2. How do Nigerians view the provision of residential real estate?
3. What factors are impeding the development of residential estates in Nigeria?
HYPOTHESIS 1.5
Akwa Ibom State The state government has not supplied appropriate housing for citizens.
HO: The government of Akwa Ibom State has allocated appropriate residential estates for its citizens.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
A study on the role of state governments in the development of residential estate in Nigeria, with a case study of Akwa Ibom State, is without a doubt significant. This is based on the assumption that the consequences of existing government initiatives for addressing the challenge of providing enough,
affordable, and sustainable housing in this State in recent years are unknown. As a result, this study is significant for a number of reasons.
First, according to Bana (1991) and Emerole (2002), one of the major issues of public housing in Nigeria is the insufficient capacity of public housing organisations to offer houses. This implies that evaluating the success of public housing organisations requires an awareness of their organisational capability and restrictions in providing housing.
It can also assist them enhance their capacity, so increasing the productivity of the public housing subsector. This study is significant because it seeks to give fundamental information that will improve our understanding of the organisational
capability of chosen main public housing organisations in the study area. This is also thought to be crucial for evaluating the outcomes of public housing provisions and making appropriate recommendations.
Second, Mukhija (2004) observed that there is little agreement on the techniques and approaches that governments should take in resolving their populations’ housing needs.
This shows that more study is needed to compare the outcomes of various housing delivery systems employed in public housing provisions in order to determine which strategies operate best and under what conditions.
This condition explains the ongoing use of inefficient and dysfunctional housing delivery techniques, which Emerole (2002), Oladapo (2002), and the African Ministerial Council on Urban Development (2008) identified as being responsible for Nigeria’s growing housing supply gap. By evaluating the consequences of four housing delivery options used in Akwa Ibom State’s residential estate legislation.
1.7 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
This study on the role of state government in residential estate development is limited to public housing programmes and residential estates begun and finished by the Akwa Ibom State government.
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