THE ROLE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IN SOLVING HOUSING DEFICIT IN NIGERIA
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THE ROLE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IN SOLVING HOUSING DEFICIT IN NIGERIA
CHAPITRE ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Housing is defined literally as houses or other shelters in which people live, a place to live, a residence, and a crucial component in a nation’s social and economic system. Housing is one of the most fundamental human requirements. Housing implies shelter to most people, but it means more to others because it is one of the best markers of a person’s standard of living and standing in society (Nubi, 2008).
It is a priority for achieving a decent standard of living, and it is crucial in both rural and urban regions. These characteristics cause housing demand to know no bounds as population growth and urbanisation accelerate,
widening the gap between housing need and supply. This housing gap has accumulated over time as a result of poor housing policy implementation by successive Nigerian governments.
Cultural elements such as preferences and values, as well as social standing, taste, and financial means, determine the physical qualities of a house. Poor housing delivery in developing nations has been ascribed to insufficient processes and systems for land distribution, funding, mortgage institutions, and infrastructure (Encarta, 2007).
Nigeria is possibly the African continent’s fastest urbanising country. One of the most pressing issues confronting the country is the supply of affordable housing. As more Nigerians move to towns and cities,
the resulting social, economic, environmental, and political concerns must be addressed immediately (Raji, 2008). According to a recent analysis of the housing situation in Nigeria, the existing housing stock is 23 per 1000 inhabitants.
The housing deficit is estimated to be 15 million dwellings (Mabogunje 2007), with N12 trillion necessary to pay the imbalance. This is around four times Nigeria’s annual national budget (FHA, 2007). House prices and rentals,
on the other hand, have risen faster than overall inflation. To make matters worse, the market’s mix of residences for sale and rent has been gradually migrating towards very expensive houses (Nubi, 2008).
There were plans to supply 202,000 housing units to the public between 1975 and 1980, but only 28,500 units, or 14.1%, were delivered. Furthermore, only 47,200 (23.6%) of the 200,000 housing units slated for delivery between 1981 and 1985 were built.
It was estimated that less than 5% of the 121,000 housing units built under the National Housing Fund (NHF) initiative, which began in 1994, were completed. Despite a number of government measures aimed at housing delivery, there is a mismatch between housing supply and demand.
According to research, 75% of urban housing is under slum conditions (UNDN, 2005), and the quality of the housing is deplorable and definitely an affront to human dignity (Agbola and Olatubara, 2003).
In 2004, the Federal Government vowed to fully fund research relevant to the development and use of indigenous materials in the industry as part of its endeavour to increase qualitative, affordable housing for the masses in the country.
Housing delivery in Nigeria is given by either the government or the private sector; nevertheless, despite the Federal Government’s access to housing production elements, the country can only expect 4.2% of the yearly requirement. Other governmental and commercial sectors are likely to contribute significantly.
In Nigeria, the private market is primarily responsible for housing production; around 90% of urban housing is generated by private developers. Because of the fixed supply of urban land and the inflation of rental and house ownership costs caused by rural-urban migration, which accounts for 65% of urban population increase (Taylor, 2000).
Both the government and citizens have been concerned about the issue of affordable housing. Recognising these issues, both public and private sector developers make efforts through various activities to bridge the gap between housing supply and demand, but the cost of building materials, a lack of housing finance arrangements,
stringent loan conditions from mortgage banks, government policies, and other issues have all had a significant impact on housing delivery in Nigeria (Raji, 2008). However, the researcher believes that the government still has a long way to go in terms of addressing Nigeria’s housing shortfall.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The problem of Nigeria’s housing shortfall has been discussed in several economic forums. The problem becomes even more serious and concerning when one considers that, despite a lot of political, social, and religious initiatives undertaken in the past in Nigeria, a huge majority of the country’s population still lives in substandard and impoverished conditions.
Housing provision by the government in Nigeria began before political independence in 1960, and despite various government interventions and massive investments in housing provision,
the country’s housing problem remains intractable, with many rural and urban populations in Nigeria lacking access to decent, safe, and affordable housing.
This is due to the government’s inability to offer appropriate and affordable housing to the general public. However, the researcher wishes to investigate the role of the federal government in addressing Nigeria’s housing shortfall.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The following are the study’s objectives:
1. To investigate the federal government’s role in addressing Nigeria’s housing shortfall.
2. Determine the extent of Nigeria’s housing shortfall.
3. To identify a solution to Nigeria’s housing shortfall challenges.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. What role does the federal government play in addressing Nigeria’s housing deficit?
2. How large is Nigeria’s housing deficit?
3. What is the solution to Nigeria’s housing shortfall problems?
1.5 HYPOTHESIS
HO: The government has not addressed Nigeria’s housing deficit.
HA: The government has resolved Nigeria’s housing shortfall.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The following are the study’s implications:
The findings of this study will educate the Nigerian people about the government’s role in addressing the country’s housing shortfall. It will also raise awareness among policymakers and the government on the importance of addressing Nigeria’s housing shortfall.
This research will also serve as a resource base for other academics and researchers interested in conducting additional research in this sector in the future, and if implemented, will go so far as to provide new explanations for the topic.
1.7 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
This study on the role of the federal government in addressing the housing deficit in Nigeria will cover all efforts undertaken by both the previous and current governments to solve the housing deficit in Nigeria.
STUDY LIMITATIONS
Financial constraint- A lack of funds tends to restrict the researcher’s efficiency in locating relevant materials, literature, or information, as well as in the data collection procedure (internet, questionnaire, and interview).
Time constraint- The researcher will conduct this investigation alongside other academic activities. As a result, the amount of time spent on research will be reduced.
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